May 29, 2024  
University Catalog 2011-2014 (PRINTED) 
    
University Catalog 2011-2014 (PRINTED) [ARCHIVED CATALOG]

Course Descriptions


 

English (Undergraduate)

Eligibility for ENGL 095, 096, and 101 will be determined by the results of the English Placement Test (EPT), which students must take before they may register for any of these courses.

Upper division standing is prerequisite to enrollment in 400-level courses. ENGL 102 or its equivalent is prerequisite to all upper division English courses. Prerequisite for all literature courses: ENGL 250, or 200A, 200B or 200C unless otherwise stated.

  
  • ENGL 454 - Selected Topics in Literature


    (4)
    Advanced study of representative works in literature of various thematic or stylistic types. Specific topics announced in Schedule of Classes. Open to English majors. May be repeated to a maximum of 8 units for credit.

  
  • ENGL 460 - Medieval English Literature


    (4)
    Lyric poetry, epic and romantic narratives, and dramatic works, from Anglo-Saxon beginnings through fifteenth century, exclusive of Chaucer. Readings in Middle English and in translation.

  
  • ENGL 461 - Dramatic Literature of the English Renaissance


    (4)
    Representative plays by Elizabethan and Jacobean dramatists exclusive of Shakespeare, e.g., Marlowe, Dekker, Webster, Jonson, Beaumont, and Fletcher.

  
  • ENGL 463 - The English Renaissance


    (4)
    Nondramatic literature from Wyatt to Bacon; British and continental cultural, literary, and philosophical backgrounds.

  
  • ENGL 464 - Seventeenth-Century Literature


    (4)
    Prose and poetry from Donne to Dryden, excluding Milton; literary, social and political backgrounds.

  
  • ENGL 465 - The Augustan Age


    (4)
    Literature from Swift and Pope through Johnson; social and philosophical backgrounds.

  
  • ENGL 467 - The Romantic Age


    (4)
    Prose and poetry from Blake to Keats; cultural and philosophical backgrounds.

  
  • ENGL 468 - The Victorian Age


    (4)
    Prose and poetry of major Victorian writers; social and philosophical backgrounds.

  
  • ENGL 469A - Modern British Literature


    (4)
    Representative works of British literature of the early 20th century (1900-1950) will be examined in their cultural and aesthetic contexts.

  
  • ENGL 469B - Contemporary British Literature


    (4)
    A survey of contemporary British Literature and analysis of genres, themes, ideologies, aesthetic innovations and contributions made by post-World War II British writers.

  
  • ENGL 470 - American Women Writers


    (4)
    Critical study of the literary achievements of American women, such as Stowe, Dickinson, Chopin, Wharton, Cather, Hurston, Porter, Morrison, and Kingston.

  
  • ENGL 471 - American Literature: Beginnings to 1860


    (4)
    Puritanism to transcendentalism. Emphasis on such writers as Edwards, Emerson, Hawthorne, Melville, Poe, and Thoreau.

  
  • ENGL 472 - American Literature: 1860–1914


    (4)
    The movement toward realism and naturalism. Emphasis on such writers as Whitman, Dickinson, Twain, Howells, James, and Crane.

  
  • ENGL 473 - American Literature: 1914 to Present


    (4)
    Representative writers of American modernism and postmodernism.

  
  • ENGL 475A - The American Novel:19th Century


    (4)
    Development of American novel from 19th century to present. Representative works by major American novelists(e.g., Cooper, Hawthorne, Melville, Twain, James, Crane). (Courses need not be taken in sequence.) Supervised practice in writing.

  
  • ENGL 475B - The American Novel:1900–1945


    (4)
    Development of American novel from 19th century to present. Representative works by major American novelists (e.g., Dreiser, Wharton, Cather, Anderson, Hemingway, Fitzgerald, Faulkner, Steinbeck). (Courses need not be taken in sequence.) Supervised practice in writing.

  
  • ENGL 475C - The American Novel:1945–Present


    (4)
    Development of American novel from 19th century to present. Representative works by major American novelists(e.g., Wright, Bellow, Ellison, O’Connor, Updike, Pynchon). (Courses need not be taken in sequence.) Supervised practice in writing.

  
  • ENGL 476 - Ethnic Literature in the U.S.


    (4)
    Literature by modern ethnic writers in the U.S. May include, among others, Asian-American, African American, Euro- American, Latino/a, and Native American literature. May involve an optional service learning component.

  
  • ENGL 477 - Black American Literature


    (4)
    Representative works of 19th and 20th century black American writers such as Forten, Chesnutt, Dunbar, Hughes, Hurston, Wright, Baldwin, Walker, Brooks.

  
  • ENGL 478 - Modern Poetry


    (4)
    Backgrounds of modern poetry; representative works by major British and American poets to 1930s, such as Yeats, Eliot, Pound, Frost, Williams, Stevens, and Lawrence.

  
  • ENGL 479 - Contemporary Poetry


    (4)
    Representative works by British and American poets from 1930s to present, such as Auden, Roethke, Thomas, Lowell, Plath, Hughes, Berryman, Creeley, Baraka, Merwin.

  
  • ENGL 482 - The Bible as Literature: Old and New Testaments


    (4)
    Types and styles of Biblical literature; geographical, historical, cultural, and archaeological backgrounds of both Testaments.

  
  • ENGL 483 - Folklore and Literature


    (4)
    Forms of folklore and their relationship to literature; identification and analysis of the heritage of folklore in literature.

  
  • ENGL 484 - Major Continental Fiction: Cervantes to Balzac


    (4)
    Representative works by European authors, e.g., Cervantes, Rousseau, Goethe, and Balzac.

  
  • ENGL 485 - Major Continental Fiction: Stendhal to Tolstoy


    (4)
    Representative works by European authors, e.g., Stendhal, Flaubert, Chekhov, Dostoyevsky, and Tolstoy.

  
  • ENGL 486 - Twentieth Century Continental Fiction


    (4)
    Representative works by European authors, e.g., Proust, Mann, Kafka, Sartre, and Camus.

  
  • ENGL 487 - Latin American Literature in Translation

    (also listed as ML 487)
    (4)
    Critical examination of Latin American literature, with emphasis on post-independence and modern periods.

  
  • ENGL 489 - Colonial to Modern Mexican American Literature

    (also listed as CHS 402)
    (4)
    Study of literary works by Hispanic, Mexican, and Mexican American authors from the colonial era to modern times.

  
  • ENGL 492 - Seminar in Literature and Language


    (4)
    English 492 satisfies the upper division writing requirement for English majors Prerequisites: Satisfactory completion of the Graduation Writing Assessment Requirement (GWAR); ENGL 340; English major with senior standing. Variable content course in which each seminar studies in depth a selected topic in literature or language. May be repeated for credit as content changes. Students may enroll in multiple sections in the same term.

  
  • ENGL 493 - Approaches to Teaching Shakespeare’s Plays


    (4)
    Extensive analysis of Shakespeare’s language and implementation of performance pedagogy; using Shakespeare’s sources, textual variants, performance history, cinematic adaptations, and online materials in the secondary classroom.

  
  • ENGL 494 - Literary Study and the Teaching Profession: A Capstone Course for Prospective English Teachers


    (4)
    Prerequisites: Satisfactory completion of the Writing Proficiency Examination (WPE); ENGL 340; English major with senior standing; field experience and concurrent enrollment in 1-unit ENGL 398 required for students seeking certification of subject area competency through the single subject teaching option. Instructional strategies for teaching forms of literature to middle and high school students. Development of teaching portfolio and assessment of interpretive and critical skills.

  
  • ENGL 499 - Undergraduate Directed Study


    (4)
    Prerequisites: Consent of an instructor to act as sponsor. Project selected in conference with sponsor. Maximum of 4 units accepted toward English major or minor. May be repeated to a maximum of 20 units for credit as content changes. Graded CR/NC.


English (Graduate)

Classified graduate standing is required for admission to all 500 level courses

  
  • ENGL 501 - Theoretical Foundations of Literary Studies


    (4)
    Prerequisite or corequisite: ENGL 441. Introduction to the basic concepts and methods of contemporary trends in literary and critical theories.

  
  • ENGL 502 - Research Methods in Literary Studies


    (4)
    Prerequisite or corequisite: ENGL 441. Advanced research methods, literary analysis, and essay writing; emphasis on practical strategies for interpreting literary texts.

  
  • ENGL 504 - Seminar: Theories of Composition and Rhetoric


    (4)
    Prerequisite or corequisite: ENGL 401. Theory and research in composition and rhetoric.

  
  • ENGL 505 - Seminar: Language and Literacy


    (4)
    Prerequisite: ENGL 401. Theories of language structure as they apply to contemporary usage.

  
  • ENGL 506 - Seminar: The Writing Process


    (4)
    Writing and editing instructional, administrative, and professional materials. Emphasis on developing English skills needed to teach writing at secondary school or community college level or to perform as staff writer or editor.

  
  • ENGL 507 - Seminar: Writing Fiction


    (4)
    Prerequisites: ENGL 407 or instructor consent. Advanced workshop in writing fiction. In-class critiques by students and instructor. May be repeated for a maximum of 12 units.

  
  • ENGL 508 - Seminar: Writing Poetry


    (4)
    Prerequisites: ENGL 408 or instructor consent. Advanced workshop in writing poetry. In-class critiques by students and instructor. May be repeated for a maximum of 12 units.

  
  • ENGL 510 - Proseminar in Literature


    (4)
    Prerequisite or corequisite: ENGL 501 or 502. Variable topic, discussion-based, reading course focusing on selected works from a literary period or genre. May be repeated as subject matter changes.

  
  • ENGL 541 - Seminar: Contemporary Critical Approaches


    (4)
    Prerequisite: ENGL 501 or 502. Variable topic seminar focusing on selected contemporary critical approaches to study of English language and literature. May be repeated as subject matter changes.

  
  • ENGL 550 - Seminar: Topics in Composition, Rhetoric, and Language


    (4)
    Prerequisite: ENGL 504 or 505. Variable topic seminar focusing on selected issues in composition, rhetoric, and language, as announced in Schedule of Classes. May be repeated as subject matter changes.

  
  • ENGL 555 - Principles and Strategies in Teaching Writing


    (4)
    Advanced study of theoretical models and pedagogical strategies for teaching writing to diverse groups of students, culminating in a reflective portfolio.

  
  • ENGL 560 - Seminar: British Literature


    (4)
    Prerequisite: ENGL 501 or 502. Study of one or more major writers or of selected significant works in British literature, as announced in Schedule of Classes. May be repeated as subject matter changes.

  
  • ENGL 570 - Seminar: American Literature


    (4)
    Prerequisite: ENGL 501 or 502. Study of one or more major writers or of selected significant works in American literature, as announced in Schedule of Classes. May be repeated as subject matter changes.

  
  • ENGL 580 - Seminar: World Literature


    (4)
    Prerequisite: ENGL 501 or 502. Study of one or more major writers or of selected significant works in world literature, as announced in Schedule of Classes. May be repeated as subject matter changes.

  
  • ENGL 596 - Comprehensive Examination


    (0)
    See the Comprehensive Examination in the requirements for the (Masters) Degree section of this chapter.

  
  • ENGL 598 - Graduate Directed Study


    (1–4)
    Prerequisites: ENGL 501 or 502, instructor consent to act as sponsor, approval of principal graduate adviser. Independent study of advanced topics in field; regular conferences with sponsor. May be repeated to maximum of 5 units with maximum of 4 units allowed in any quarter. Graded CR/NC.

  
  • ENGL 599 - Thesis


    (1–5)
    Prerequisites: Advancement to candidacy, formal approval by department. Independent study resulting in a critical essay. Oral examination about master’s essay required. Must be repeated to total of 5 units. Graded CR/NC.


Engineering (Undergraduate)

  
  • ENGR 150 - Introduction to Higher Education for Engineers


    (1)
    University structure, policies, and procedures, resources available, and skills necessary for success. Introduction to profession of engineering; engineering, design process;communication skills in engineering. Laboratory 3 hours. Graded CR/NC.

  
  • ENGR 154 - Special Topics in Engineering


    (1–4)
    Prerequisites: Instructor consent and as needed for specific topic. Current topics of special interest to students in engineering, as announced in Schedule of Classes. May be repeated to maximum of 8 units.

  
  • ENGR 207 - Materials Science and Engineering


    (4)
    Prerequisites: CHEM 101, MATH 206. Understanding structure and fundamental atomic and molecular mechanisms of engineering materials, atom and electron movement, physical and mechanical properties; overview of engineering materials, semiconductors, metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites.

  
  • ENGR 230 - Design and Manufacturing in Engineering


    (4 units)
    For non engineering majors. Integration of theory, experiments, social, and business aspects in conception, design and manufacturing of engineering marvels: from miniature chips to power plants and rockets. “Hands-on” projects, experiments and field trip.

  
  • ENGR 300 - Economics for Engineers


    (4)
    Basic economic concepts, relationships between economic and engineering problems, role of interest and capital in cost minimization, analysis of financial statements, original and alternative investments, capital depreciation and replacement problems.

  
  • ENGR 301 - Ethics and Professionalism in Engineering


    (1)
    Prerequisite: Senior standing in engineering. Ethical and professional standards in engineering profession; impact of engineering profession on society; professional registration and liability; government regulations and legal responsibilities.

  
  • ENGR 383 - Ancient and Modern Technology

    (also listed as TECH 383)
    (4)
    Prerequisites: Completion of Basic Subjects (Block A) and one course form Block B. Systematic analysis of ancient technology and technological thought and its relationship to modern science and technological thought

  
  • ENGR 454 - Special Topics in Engineering


    (1–4)
      Prerequisites: Senior standing in engineering; enrollment subject to approval of instructor in charge.   Group study of selected topics not currently offered as technical electives; study groups may be organized in advanced engineering subjects upon approval of instructor.

  
  • ENGR 497A - Engineering Senior Project


    (4)
    Prerequisite: Satisfactory completion of the graduation writing assessment requirement (GWAR) and consent of instructor. Study of engineering design processes. ENGR 497A includes case studies to discuss the impact of design constraints. ENGR 497A is the first of a three-course sequence used to meet the capstone design requirement for the BS in Engineering degree only.

  
  • ENGR 497B - Engineering Senior Project


    (4)
    Prerequisite: Satisfactory completion of ENGR 497A and consent of instructor. Study of engineering design processes. ENGR 497B includes the selection and completion of a faculty-supervised project focusing on typical problems encountered in engineering practice and resulting in a formal report and oral presentation.

  
  • ENGR 497C - Engineering Senior Project


    (4)
    Prerequisite: Satisfactory completion of ENGR 497B and consent of instructor. Study of engineering design processes. ENGR 497C includes the completion of a faculty-supervised project focusing on typical problems encountered in engineering practice and resulting in a formal report and oral presentation.

  
  • ENGR 499 - Undergraduate Directed Study


    (1–4)
    Prerequisite: Consent of an instructor to act as sponsor. Project selected in conference with the sponsor before registration; progress meetings held regularly, and a final report submitted. May be repeated for credit.  


Engineering (Graduate)

 All 400-level courses may be applied toward master’s degree requirements, subject to limits established by the department and approval of the graduate adviser.
Classified graduate standing is required for admission to all 500-level courses.

  
  • ENGR 597 - Graduate Research


    (1–5)
    Prerequisites: Instructor consent to act as sponsor, departmental approval of project prior to registration. Independent research under guidance of the faculty. May be repeated for credit to maximum of 5 units. Graded CR/NC.

  
  • ENGR 598 - Graduate Directed Study


    (1–4)
    Prerequisite: Instructor consent to act as sponsor. Independent, directed study of advanced topics in the field, regular conferences with the sponsor. May be repeated for credit.

  
  • ENGR 599 - Thesis


    (1–4)
    Prerequisites: Advancement to candidacy, instructor consent to act as sponsor, school approval of the topic prior to registration. Independent research resulting in a thesis. Must be repeated to maximum of 4 units. Graded CR/NC.


Environmental Science (Graduate)

  
  • ENVS 511 - Seminar: Environmental Science

    (also listed as BIOL 511)
    (1)
    Attendance at regular seminar program; participation in seminar training program with course instructor presentation of a seminar. Graded CR/NC. May be repeated to a maximum of 2 units.

  
  • ENVS 595 - Directed Field Work


    (1–8)
    Prerequisite: Instructor consent, agency agreement to host a part- or full-time internship for at least one but not more than three quarters, and approval of Program Director. Supervised individual field experience in an applied area of environmental science. Graded CR/NC May be repeated to a mum of 8 units.

  
  • ENVS 597 - Graduate Research


    (1–6)
    Prerequisite: Instructor consent to act as sponsor and approval of project by student’s graduate advisory committee. Independent research towards a master’s degree under guidance of faculty. May be repeated to a maximum of 6 units. Graded CR/NC.

  
  • ENVS 598 - Graduate Directed Study


    (2)
    Prerequisites: Instructor consent to act as sponsor and program approval. Independent, directed study of advanced topics in the field; regular conferences with the sponsor; prospectus development. May be repeated twice for credit but only 2 units count towards a M.S. degree in Environmental Science. Graded CR/NC.

  
  • ENVS 599 - Thesis or Project


    (1–8)
    Prerequisites: Advancement to candidacy, instructor consent to act as sponsor, program approval of topic prior to registration. Independent research resulting in thesis or sponsored internship resulting in project. May be repeated to a maximum of 8 units. Graded CR/NC


Finance and Law (Undergraduate)

Upper division standing is prerequisite to enrollment in 300- and 400- level FIN courses.

  
  • FIN 205 - Legal and Regulatory Environment of Business I


    (4)
    Prerequisite: Sophomore standing. Introduction to the legal and regulatory environment of business, emphasizing the American legal system, contracts, sales, and related legal issues of international business. Instruction in computer-assisted legal research. Credit allowed for only one of FIN 203 and 205.

  
  • FIN 303 - Business Finance


    (4)
    Prerequisite: ACCT 211. Principles of planning, procuring, and controlling short and long-term financial resources of businesses; cash and capital budgeting; securities markets, costs of capital, and equity valuation.

  
  • FIN 305 - Legal and Regulatory Environment of Business II


    (4)
    Prerequisite: FIN 205. Legal and regulatory issues facing managers and accountants. Legal and regulatory issues in employment, business organizations, securities regulation, secured transactions, bankruptcy, and commercial paper.

  
  • FIN 325 - Essential Skills for Finance Professionals


    (4)
    Prerequisites: ECON 209, FIN 303. Financial databases; statistical analyses of financial data; software applications in finance; written and oral presentation of group projects in finance.

  
  • FIN 331 - Financial Institutions and Markets


    (4)
    Prerequisites: ECON 202, FIN 303. Bank risk management using an asset/liability approach; hedging tools including interest rate swaps and other derivatives; deregulation and its impact on finance industry.

  
  • FIN 332 - Investments


    (4)
    Prerequisite: FIN 303. Risk and return, valuation of stocks and bonds, capital asset pricing model, stock and bond portfolio management, efficient capital markets, evaluation of investment performance, and introduction to options.

  
  • FIN 335 - Personal Portfolio and Risk Management


    (4)
    Understanding and planning personal finance; managing basic personal assets including financial assets, real assets, insurance, and retirement; extensive analysis of risk management of assets, liabilities and equity in a personal portfolio context.

  
  • FIN 338 - Real Estate Principles


    (4)
    Economics of land ownership and use; fundamentals of ownership, financing, appraisal, management, and transfer of residential and other real property.

  
  • FIN 339 - Real Estate Practice


    (4)
    Prerequisite: FIN 338. Real estate contracts, agency and brokerage relationships, physical components of real estate, private ownership interests, documents of transfer, escrows, title insurance, recording, and professional licensing.

  
  • FIN 381 - Real Estate Law


    (4)
    Prerequisites: FIN 338, four units of business law. Legal aspects of real property ownership and management; emphasis on California law affecting escrows, contracts, licensing, brokerage, co-ownership, deeds, conveyances, trust deeds, mortgages, titles, encumbrances, estates in land, and leases.

  
  • FIN 403 - Intermediate Business Finance


    (4)
    Prerequisite: FIN 303. Intermediate business financial management emphasizing intensive treatment of valuation, capital asset management, financial structure, sources of funds, and working capital management; combines theory and applications.

  
  • FIN 431 - Multinational Financial Management


    (4)
    Prerequisite: FIN 303. Application of principles of managerial finance to international and multinational business; analysis of risks and problems unique to businesses involved in transnational operations; international sources and uses of funds.

  
  • FIN 432 - Real Estate Management


    (4)
    Prerequisite: FIN 338. Management of real property as part of the real estate industry; nature, functions, scope of management principles, services, property care, tenant relations, and records.

  
  • FIN 434 - Cases in Financial Management


    (4)
    Prerequisites: ACCT 310, FIN 303, BUS 305. Identifying and solving financial problems through the use of cases. Application of financial theory and financial techniques to business problems, using written reports and classroom discussion.

  
  • FIN 437 - Securities Analysis


    (4)
    Prerequisite: FIN 332. Investment practice in analysis of financial statements; selection and valuation of stocks and fixed-income securities, stockholder-management relations, applied securities analysis.

  
  • FIN 438 - Real Estate Valuation


    (4)
    Prerequisite: FIN 338. Valuation of real property; economic analysis of trends and factors influencing real estate ownership, development, and use; current appraisal theory.

  
  • FIN 439 - Real Estate Finance


    (4)
    Prerequisite: FIN 338. Position of real estate finance in the economy; techniques and procedures used to finance real property, including sources of funds, lending policies, and instruments used in California today.

  
  • FIN 440 - Futures and Options


    (4)
    Prerequisite: FIN 332. Market structures, trading techniques, pricing models, hedging strategies, and investment implications for various futures, option contracts, and derivative assets.

  
  • FIN 450 - Fixed Income Securities, Analysis and Strategies


    (4)
    Prerequisite: FIN 332. Risk, yield and pricing of fixed income securities, Treasury, corporate, agency, tax-exempt and mortgage-backed markets; term structure, bond indexing, interest rate risk immunization; interest rate options and futures.

  
  • FIN 454 - Special Topics in Finance


    (1–4)
    Prerequisite: Varies with topic; see Schedule of Classes for specific prerequisites. In-depth presentation and analysis of topics significant to contemporary business world; lectures, discussions, speakers, and research projects.

  
  • FIN 493 - Real Estate Investment


    (4)
    Prerequisite: FIN 338. Principles of investing in real estate; analytic techniques and economic strategies for maximizing after-tax returns from land, residential properties, shopping centers, and other real estate.

  
  • FIN 494 - Financial Management for Small Business


    (4)
    Prerequisites: ACCT 310, FIN 303. Principles and practices of financial management for small business; analytic techniques and financial strategies for financing and managing the resources of small businesses efficiently and profitably.


Finance and Law (Graduate)

Classified graduate standing and approval by the College of Business and Economics Advisement Center are required for admission to all 500- level courses

  
  • FIN 500 - Business Finance and Law


    (4)
    Law and finance for business organizations: forms of business, business law, capital markets, analysis of financial statements, securities law, security valuation, bankruptcy, and reorganization. Some sections may be technologically mediated.

  
  • FIN 530 - Seminar: Business Finance


    (4)
    Prerequisite: FIN 500. Financial statements and cash flows, financial markets and net present value, risk and return, capital budgeting, capital structure, and divided policy.

  
  • FIN 531 - Seminar: Financial Institutions


    (4)
    Prerequisite: FIN 500. Role of financial institutions in U.S.; financial management of various types of financial institutions against a background of national income, national policies, and flow of funds.

  
  • FIN 532 - Seminar: Estate Planning


    (4)
    Prerequisite: FIN 500. Advanced planning for individual financial management; consideration given to legal, financial, and taxation problems, including insurance, investments, trusts, real estate, wills, and related laws.

  
  • FIN 533 - Seminar: International Finance


    (4)
    Prerequisite: FIN 500. Institutions, instruments, and procedures used in financing exports and imports, international investments, and multinational business operations.

  
  • FIN 534 - Seminar: Portfolio Management


    (4)
    Prerequisite: FIN 500 or 303. Portfolio theory, capital market equilibrium (capital asset pricing model and arbitrage pricing theory), asset allocation, capital allocation, fixed-income securities, options and futures, passive and active portfolio management.

  
  • FIN 535 - Seminar: Speculative Securities and Markets


    (4)
    Prerequisite: FIN 500 or 303. Economics and pricing of options and futures contracts and their applications to portfolio management; how proliferation of speculative markets affects efficiency and stability of financial system.

  
  • FIN 598 - Graduate Directed Study


    (1)
    Investigation of an approved project leading to written report; project selected in conference with seminar professor, and arrangements made for regular meetings during quarter. May be repeated for credit.


Fire Protection Administration (Undergraduate)

All 400-level courses may be applied toward master’s degree requirements, subject to limits established by the department and approval of the graduate adviser.

  
  • TECH 350 - Fire Protection and the Community


    (4)
    Relationship of fire service and fire protection needs to critical urban issues, affirmative action, public education, communication with minority groups, interdepartmental and intradepartmental relations.

 

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